Beza RON95 dan RON97
ogos 31 09

Sebagai pengguna yang terpaksa membayar dengan harga yang tinggi kita perlu bijak dalam menangani situasi yang diwujudkan oleh UMnoB-End ni...dibawah ini diterangkan perbezaan kedua-dua minyak tersebut kemudian kita buatlah penilaiannya....

Fakta 1

DI Eropah, klasifikasi keseragaman kelas bahan bakar petrol dibahagikan kepada tiga kelas utama. RON91, RON95 dan RON98. Pembahagian itu dibuat berdasarkan jenis keperluan bahan bakar yang diperlukan pada setiap jenis enjin berlainan pengeluar.

RON91 dicipta untuk enjin yang mampu menerima petrol berplumbum, RON95 untuk petrol tanpa plumbum yang juga disebut petrol premium dan RON98 atau disebut juga sebagai Super Plus atau Super Premium.

Bermula 1 September ini, klasifikasi penjualan minyak petrol di negara ini akan diselaraskan kepada dua jenis RON (Research Octane Number) iaitu RON95 dan RON97.

Dalam jangka masa kurang dua bulan dari sekarang, RON95 akan menggantikan RON92 yang berharga RM1.75 seliter, manakala RON97 akan menjadi petrol premium pada harga RM2.

Apakah kesannya kepada pengguna? Sebenarnya, banyak yang perlu diketahui tentang asas RON itu sendiri.

Di seluruh dunia, pencemaran bahan api fosil telah meningkatkan kesedaran umum. Justeru itu, kualiti bahan bakar ditingkatkan. Jurutera bertungkus lumus memikirkan idea untuk mencipta enjin dengan sistem pembakaran moden yang mampu beroperasi menggunakan petrol spesifikasi RON yang dibangunkan. Kandungan sulfur juga diminimumkan.

TIDAK pasti tentang kualiti petrol untuk kereta anda? Sila rujuk pemberitahuan yang ada pada tangki kereta, buku manual atau berhubung terus dengan pengeluar kereta.

Adakah semua petrol RON95 sesuai dengan kereta anda? Bagaimana mengetahui kesesuaian tersebut? Langkah paling mudah adalah melihat pada penutup petrol.

Jika ia tidak dinyatakan, rujuk buku panduan kenderaan. Biarpun begitu, tidak semua pengeluar kereta menulisnya dalam bentuk angka. Sebahagiannya ditulis dalam istilah leaded dan unleaded.

Jangan khuatir, majoriti petrol yang dijual di Malaysia (termasuk RON92) adalah petrol jenis tanpa plumbum (unleaded). Adakah RON97 lebih baik daripada RON95? Secara teorinya, ya tetapi secara paraktiknya, tidak. Petrol RON95 di stesen A mungkin lebih baik daripada petrol RON97 di stesen B.

Perlu diingatkan bahawa setiap petrol yang dijual oleh Petronas, Shell, BHP, Esso, Caltex dan Mobil adalah tidak sama. Setiap syarikat mempunyai ramuan tersendiri untuk meningkatkan keupayaan kualiti petrol masing-masing.

Techron, Primax dan Infiniti merupakan antara petrol yang dihasilkan menerusi kajian dan pembangunan yang serius. Anda mungkin biasa menonton iklan bagaimana petrol di stesen A berupaya membersihkan enapan karbon pada injap dan omboh. Adakah ia sekadar gimik?

Adakah petrol RON95 berkualiti rendah? Ini adalah pandangan yang salah. RON berkaitan dengan campuran dua unsur asas iaitu oktana dan pentana yang melengkapkan sifatnya menjadi bahan bakar petrol.

RON95 bermaksud 95 peratus kandungannya adalah oktana dan selebihnya pentana. Begitu juga dengan RON97 iaitu hanya tiga peratus pentana dan selebihnya oktana.

Gandingan itu akan memutlakkan tahap pembakaran enjin yang bakal digunakan. Sekiranya enjin anda cukup sekadar dengan pembakaran RON95, kenapa perlu membazir membeli petrol RON97? Adakah jam Breitling memberi maklumat waktu yang lebih tepat berbanding jam Casio?

Sebaliknya, jika enjin anda dicipta untuk membakar dengan RON97, adalah tidak memadai menggunakan RON95 kerana omboh akan mengalami masalah ketukan (knocking).

Ini kerana enjin silinder bergerak dengan membakar petrol menjadi gas. Asasnya, enjin yang dicipta untuk RON95 adalah kebuk pembakaran yang berupaya membakar sejumlah 95 peratus oktana.

SETIAP pengeluar petrol memiliki dan membangunkan bahan api menggunakan teknologi tersendiri. - Gambar hiasan

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Perlu diingat bahawa sifat oktana adalah kemampuannya untuk menahan tekanan dalam kebuk pembakaran. Jadi, dengan enjin yang dicipta untuk pembakaran 95 peratus oktana, memadai kita menggunakan petrol RON95.

Namun, jika enjin tersebut dicipta untuk tekanan 97 peratus oktana, maka penggunaan RON95 tidak sesuai. Oktana mempunyai keupayaan mengembangkan tekanan dengan baik, tetapi bukan pentana. Pentana hanya akan melambatkan proses timbal-balik dan di sinilah masalah ketukan berlaku.

Petrol yang baik bergantung kepada pengeluar petrol itu sendiri. Seperti yang diterangkan pada awal nota ini tadi, setiap petrol tidak sama.

Dakwaan mengatakan semakin tinggi RON adalah lebih baik dan mampu menghasilkan enjin yang lebih berkuasa juga tidak benar. Petrol yang baik adalah petrol yang sesuai dengan RON yang diperlukan oleh enjin.

Jangan percaya pada pandangan salah. Terlalu ramai 'pakar' automotif hari ini. Cuba taipkan RON dalam Yahoo Malaysia, nescaya pelbagai forum akan membincangkan tentangnya.

Fakta 2

Harga minyak RON95 akan diperkenalkan pada 1 September ini. Untuk minyak jenis ini RON 95 aku pun tak pasti macammana prestasinya. Kita tunggu keputusan prestasinya. Menurut sumber yang Beritasemasa.com perolehi dari kakitangan yang bekerja dengan Petronas tidak bermakna prestasi kenderaan anda akan menjadi semakin laju tetapi yang berbezanya daripada segi pelepasan gas dari ekzos yang lebih bersih dibandingkan dengan minyak RON 92. Satu sebabnya lagi, Malaysia nak tetapkan standard baru untuk pelepasan dari ekzos kereta. Jikalau sebelum nie STD EURO 2, sekarang ini nak naik jadi STD Euro 3. Bermakna kualiti untuk setiap perlepasan kandungan sulfur yang keluar kat ekzos makin kurang. Plumbum pun terus tiada. Minyak jenis RON 95 ini dihasilkan oleh Petronas dan dijual di stesen minyak yang lain seperti Shell, Caltex dan lain-lain lagi.

Lagi tinggi RON = Lagi lambat meletup = Lagi Kurang ‘Knocking’ = Lagi Selamat Enjin
Untuk Enjin –> RON tinggi = Advance lagi banyak (untuk tingkat performance enjin)

Apa beza Minyak jenis RON 95 dan RON 97?

Semakin tinggi satu-satu RON tersebut, makin mudah fuel tersebut terbakar secara sendiri. RON bagi diesel lagi tinggi dr petrol RON97, sebab itu engine diesel tidak memerlukan memerlukan spark plug untuk tujuan pembakaran. Cukup hanya dengan compression dan increase in temperature dan “bang’, terjadilah pembakaran.

Rujukan : RON(Research Octane No.)

Fakta 3

Fuel Octane Rating - Research Octane Number (RON)

Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol, in many British Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. The term gasoline is the common usage within the oil industry, even within companies that are not American. The term mogas, short for motor gasoline, for use in cars is used to distinguish it from avgas, aviation gasoline used in light aircraft. The United States uses 360 million US liquid gallons (1.36 billion litres) of gasoline each day. The word "gasoline" is often shortened in colloquial usage to "gas". This should be distinguished in usage from genuinely gaseous fuels and other commodities such as propane. Chemical analysis and production Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. These days, material that is simply separated from crude oil via distillation, called natural gasoline, will not meet the required specifications (in particular octane rating; see below) for modern engines, but these streams will form part of the blend. Petrol at the pumps The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of hydrocarbons with between 5 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule. The various refinery streams that are blended together to make gasoline all have different characteristics. Some important streams are: Reformate, produced in a catalytic reformer with a high octane and high aromatics content, and very low olefins ( alkenes). Cat Cracked Gasoline or Cat Cracked Naphtha, produced from a catalytic cracker, with a moderate octane, high olefins ( alkene) content, and moderate aromatics level. Here, "cat" is short for "catalyst". Hydrocrackate (Heavy, Mid, and Light), produced from a hydrocracker, with medium to low octane and moderate aromatic levels. Natural Gasoline (has very many names), directly from crude oil with low octane, low aromatics (depending on the crude oil), some naphthenes ( cycloalkanes) and zero olefins ( alkenes). Alkylate, produced in an Alkylation unit, with a high octane and which is pure paraffin ( alkane), mainly branched chains. Isomerate (various names) which is made by isomerising Natural Gasoline to increase its octane and is very low in aromatics and benzene content. (The terms used here are not always the correct chemical terms. Typically they are old fashioned, but they are the terms normally used in the oil industry. The exact terminology for these streams varies by oil company and by country.) Overall a typical gasoline is predominantly a mixture of paraffins (alkanes), naphthenes ( cycloalkanes), aromatics and olefins ( alkenes). The exact ratios can depend on the oil refinery that makes the gasoline, as not all refineries have the same set of processing units. the crude oil used by the refinery on a particular day. the grade of gasoline, in particular the octane. These days, gasoline in many countries has tight limits on aromatics in general, benzene in particular, and olefins ( alkene) content. This is increasing the demand for high octane pure paraffin ( alkane) components, such as Alkylate, and is forcing refineries to add processing units to reduce the benzene content. Gasoline can also contain some other organic compounds: such as organic ethers, (deliberately added) plus small levels of contaminants, in particular sulfur compounds such as disulfides and thiophenes. Some contaminants, in particular mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide must be removed because they cause corrosion in engines. Volatility Gasoline is more volatile than diesel or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but because of the additives that are put into it. The final control of volatility is often via blending of butane. The desired volatility depends on the ambient temperature: the hotter the weather, the lower the volatility. In Australia the volatility limit changes every month and differs for each main distribution centre, but most countries simply have a summer, winter and perhaps intermediate limit. The maximum volatility of gasoline in many countries has been reduced in recent years to reduce the fugitive emissions during refuelling. Octane rating The most important characteristic of gasoline is its Research Octane Number (RON) or octane rating, which is a measure of how resistant gasoline is to premature detonation ( knocking). It is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an octane) and n- heptane. So an 87-octane gasoline has the same knock resistance as a mixture of 87% isooctane and 13% n-heptane. There is another type of Octane, called "Motor Octane Number" (MON), which is a better measure of how the fuel behaves when under load. Its definition is also based on the mixture of isooctane and n-heptane that has the same performance. Depending on the composition of the fuel, the MON of a modern gasoline will be about 10 points lower than the RON. Normally fuel specifications require both a minimum RON and a minimum MON. In most countries (including all of Europe and Australia) the 'headline' octane that would be shown on the pump is the RON: but in the United States and some other countries the headline number is the average of the RON and the MON, sometimes called the "roaD Octane Number" or DON, or (R+M)/2. Because of the 10 point difference noted above this means that the octane in the United States will be about 5 points lower than the same fuel elsewhere: 87 octane fuel, the "normal" gasoline in the US and Canada, would be 92 in Europe. Romania is a supplier of "light-sweet" crude oil, which, when distilled, resulted in a gasoline with an 87 rating (DON). It is possible for a fuel to have a RON greater than 100, because isooctane is not the most knock-resistant substance available. Racing fuels, Avgas and LPG typically have octane ratings of 110 or significantly higher. It might seem odd that fuels with higher octane ratings burn less easily, yet are popularly thought of as more powerful. Using a fuel with a higher octane lets an engine be run at a higher compression ratio without having problems with knock. Compression is directly related to power, so engines that require higher octane usually deliver more power. Some high-performance engines are designed to operate with a compression ratio associated with high octane numbers, and thus demand high-octane gasoline. It should be noted that the power output of an engine also depends on the energy content of its fuel, which bears no simple relationship to the octane rating. Some people believe that adding a higher octane fuel to their engine will increase its performance or lessen its fuel consumption; this is false - engines perform best when using fuel with the octane rating they were designed for. The octane rating was developed by the chemist Russell Marker. The selection of n- heptane as the zero point of the scale was due to the availability of very high purity n-heptane, not mixed with other isomers of heptane or octane, distilled from the resin of Jeffrey Pine. Other sources of heptane produced from crude oil contain a mixture of different isomers with greatly differing ratings, which would not give a precise zero point. Dangers Many of the non-aliphatic hydrocarbons naturally present in gasoline (especially aromatic ones like benzene), as well as many anti-knocking additives, are carcinogenic. Because of this, any large-scale or ongoing leaks of gasoline pose a threat to the public's health should the gasoline reach a public supply of drinking water. The chief risks of such leaks come not from vehicles, but from gasoline delivery truck accidents and leaks from underground storage tanks. Because of this risk, most underground storage tanks now have extensive measures in place to detect and prevent any such leaks, such as sacrificial anodes. Gasoline is rather volatile (meaning it readily evaporates), requiring that storage tanks on land and in vehicles must be properly sealed. But the high volatility also means that it will easily ignite in cold weather conditions, unlike diesel for example. However, certain measures must be in place to allow appropriate venting to ensure the level of pressure is similar on the inside and outside. Gasoline also reacts dangerously with certain common chemicals; for example, gasoline and crystal Drāno react together in a spontaneous combustion. Gasoline is also one of the sources of pollutant gases. Even gasoline which does not contain lead or sulfur compounds produces carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in the exhaust of the engine which is running on it. Energy content Gasoline contains about 45 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg) Volumetric energy density of some fuels compared to Gasoline: fuel type MJ/L BTU/ imp gal BTU/US gal RON gasoline 29.01 125,000 104,000 87-98 LPG 22.16 95,475 79,500 110 diesel fuel oil 32.19 138,690 115,480 residential heating oil 34.74 149,690 124,640 ethanol 19.59 84,400 70,300 methanol 14.57 62,800 52,300 gasohol (10% ethanol + 90% gasoline) 28.06 120,900 100,700 A high octane fuel such as LPG has a lower energy content than lower octane gasoline, resulting in an overall lower power output. However, with an engine tuned to the use of LPG this lower power output can be overcome. Note that the main reason for the lower energy content of LPG is that is has a lower density. Energy content per kilogram is higher than for gasoline (higher hydrogen to carbon ratio). In lay terms, we burn mass, not volume! Additives Lead The mixture known as gasoline when used in high compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to explode early ( pre-ignition pre-detonation) causing a disturbing "knocking" (also called "pinging") noise. Early research into this effect was led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Midgley and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behaviour led to the widespread adoption of the practice in the 1920s and hence more powerful higher compression engines. The most popular additive was tetra-ethyl lead. However, with the recognition of the environmental damage caused by the lead, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters, this practice began to wane in the 1980s. Most countries are phasing out leaded fuel; different additives have replaced the lead compounds. The most popular additives include aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and alcohol (usually ethanol or methanol). The greatest effect of the removal of lead was the effect on engines; a side effect of the lead additives was protection of the valve seats from erosion. Many collectors' vehicles have needed modification to use lead-free fuels. Gasoline, as delivered at the pump, also contains additives to reduce internal engine carbon buildups, improve combustion, and to allow easier starting in cold climates.